This tutorial explains the basics of DBMS such as its architecture, data models, data schema, data independence, E-R model, relation model, relational database design, and storage and …

DBMS is a highly complex system with hundreds of transactions being executed every second. The durability and robustness of a DBMS depends on its complex architecture and its …

DBMS offers methods to impose constraints while entering data into the database and retrieving the same at a later stage. DBMS offers many different levels of security features, which …

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The architecture of a DBMS can be seen as either single tier or multi-tier. An n-tier architecture divides the whole system into related but independent n modules, which can be independently …

Our SQL tutorial helps you learn SQL (Structured Query Language) in simple and easy steps so that you can start your database programming quickly. It covers most of the important …

Armstrong's Axioms If F is a set of functional dependencies then the closure of F, denoted as F +, is the set of all functional dependencies logically implied by F. Armstrong's Axioms are a set of …

Audience This tutorial will especially help computer science graduates in understanding the basic-to-advanced concepts related to Database Management Systems.

Data Models are fundamental entities to introduce abstraction in a DBMS. Data models define how data is connected to each other and how they are processed and stored inside the …